IDGEC Working Boreal Forest Subject Bibliography
Contents:
General/ Background Information
Political Institutions
better forest management practices and outcomes?
2. Why do some forms of resource tenure promote sustainable forest management practices and outcomes, whereas other institutional arrangements lead to degradation?
Economic Institutions
International Environmental Regimes
Region-Specific Information
Bibliography
General/ Background Information:
Anisimov, O.A., and F. E. Nelson, Permafrost Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere Under Scenarios of Climate Change. Global and Planetary Change, 1996. 14: p. 59-72.
Anisimov, O.A., and F. E. Nelson, Permafrost Zonation and Climatic Change in the Northern Hemisphere: Results form Transient General Circulation Models. Climatic Change, 1997. 35: p. 241-258.
Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research Site. 2001, National Science Foundation. <http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc>
Armstrong, T., George Rogers, and Graham Rowley, The Circumpolar North: A Political and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. 1978, London: Methuen and Company.
Balling, R.C., and S. B. Idso, One Hundred Years of Global Warming. Environmental Conservation, 1990. 17: p. 165.
Betts, R.A., Offset of the Potential Carbon Sink from Boreal Forestation by Decreases in Surface Albedo. Nature, 2000. 408(6809): p. 187-90.
Billings, W.D., J. O. Luken, D. A. Mortensen, and K. M. Peterson, Arctic Tundra: A Source or Sink for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in a Changing Environment. Oecologia, 1982. 53: p. 7-11.
Billings, W.D., J. O. Luken, D. A. Mortensen, and K. M. Peterson, Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Possible Effects on Arctic Tundra. Oecologia, 1983. 58: p. 286-289.
Bonan, G.B., F. S. Chapin, and S. L. Thompson, Boreal Forest and Tundra Ecosystems as Components of the Climate System. Climatic Change, 1995. 29: p. 145-167.
Bonan, G.B., D. Pollard, and S. L. Thompson, Effects of Boreal Forest Vegetation on Global Climate. Nature, 1992. 359: p. 716-718.
Bonan, G.B., and H. H. Shugart, Environmental Factors and Ecological Processes in Boreal Forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1989. 20: p. 1-28.
Boreal Forest Network. 2001, Forest Capital Development Association. <http://www.borealforest.org>
BOREAS Follow-on Site. 2001, NASA. <http://boreas.gsfc.nasa.gov/html_pages/boreas_home.html#boreas>
Bubier, J.L., T. R. Moore, L. Bellisario, and N. T. Comer, Ecological Controls on Methane Emission from a Northern Peatland Complex in the Zone of Discontinuous Permafrost, Manitoba, Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1995. 9: p. 455-470.
Camill, P., and James S. Clark, Climate Change Disequilibrium of Boreal Permafrost Peatlands Caused by Local Processes. American Naturalist, 1998. 151(3): p. 207-222.
Chapin, F.S., G. R. Shaver, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. A. Laundre., Responses of Arctic Tundra to Experimental and Observed Changes in Climate. Ecology, 1995. 76: p. 694-711.
Climate Change and Forests: Context for the Canadian Forest Service's Science Program. 1999, Canadian Forest Service: Ottawa. p. 1-13.
Climate Change Endangers the Northern Forests, in World Watch. 1995. p. 8.
Cooper, C.F., Carbon Dioxide Enhancement of Tree Growth at High Elevations. Science, 1986. 231: p. 859.
Emanuel, W.R., H. H. Shugart, and M. P. Stevenson, Climatic Change and the Broad-Scale Distribution of Terrestrial Ecosystem Complexes. Climatic Change, 1985. 7: p. 29-43.
Gorchakovsky, P.L., and S. G. Shiyatov, The Upper Forest Limit in the Mountains of the Boreal Zone of the USSR. Arctic and Alpine Research, 1978. 10: p. 349-363.
Haapasaari, M., The Oligotrophic Heath Vegetation of Northern Fennoscandia and its Zonation. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 1988. 135: p. 1-219.
Halsey, L.A., D. H. Vitt, and S. C. Zoltai., Disequilibrium Response of Permafrost in Boreal Continental Western Canada to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 1995. 30: p. 57-73.
Hilborn, R., and M. Mangel, The Ecological Detective. 1987, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Houghton, J.T., G. J. Jenkens, and J. J. Ephraums, ed. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. 1993, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Houghton, J.T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, ed. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. 1995, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001, United Nations Environmental Programme. <http://www.ipcc.ch>
Jardine, K., Finger on the Carbon Pulse: Climate Change and the Boreal Forests. The Ecologist, 1994. 24: p. 220-4.
Jones, P.D., T. M. L. Wigley, and P. B. Wright, Global Temperature Variations Between 1861 and 1984. Nature, 1986. 322: p. 430-434.
Larsen, C.P.S., and G. M. MacDonald, An 840-Year Record of Fire and Vegetation in a Boreal White Spruce Forest. Ecology, 1998. 79(1): p. 106-118.
Lavoie, C., and Serge Payette, The Long-Term Stability of the Boreal Forest Limit in Subarctic Quebec. Ecology, 1996. 77(4): p. 1226-1234.
Lenihan, J.M., and R. P. Neilson, Canadian Vegetation Sensitivity to Projected Climatic Change at Three Organization Levels. Climatic Change, 1995. 30: p. 27-56.
Lyck, L., and V. I. Boyko., ed. Management, Technology, and Human Resources Policy in the Arctic (The North). NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series. Vol. 5. 1996, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston.
Martin, P.H., Will Forest Preserves Protect Temperate and Boreal Biodiversity from Climate Change? Forest Ecology and Management, 1996. 85: p. 335-41.
Myneni, R.B., C. D. Keeling, C. J. Tucker, G. Asrar, and R. R. Nemani, Increased Plant Growth in the Northern High Latitudes From 1981 to 1991. Nature, 1997. 386: p. 698-702.
National Climatic Data Center. 2001, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/>
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2001, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <http://www.noaa.gov/>
Nunavut Environmental Database. 2000, Arctic Institute of North America. <http://136.147.171/ned/>
Overpeck, J., K. Hughen, D. Hardey, R. Bradley, R. Case, M. Douglas, B. Finney, et al., Arctic Environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries. Science, 1997. 278: p. 1251-1256.
Price, D.T., Simulating Effects of Climate Change on Boreal Ecosystem Carbon Pools in Central Canada. Journal of Biogeography, 1999. 26(6): p. 1237-48.
Robinson, D.B., Institutional Dimensions of Global Change: Arctic Applications. 1997, Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College: Hanover, NH. p. 1-30.
Schulze, E.-D., Christian Wirth, and Martin Heimann, Climate Change: Managing Forests After Kyoto. Science, 2000. 289(5487): p. 2058-2059.
Sellers, P., The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS): An Overview and Early Results from the 1994 Field Year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1995. 76: p. 1549-77.
Soroos, M.S., The Odyssey of Arctic Haze: Toward a Global Atmospheric Regime. Environment, 1992. 34(10): p. 6-11; 25-27.
Watson, R.T., Marufu C. Zinyowera, and Richard H. Moss, The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. 1997, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Weber, M.G., Forest Fires and Sustainability in the Boreal Forests of Canada. Ambio, 1998. 27(7): p. 545-50.
Zackrisson, O., Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Ingeborg Steijlen, and Greger Hoernberg, Regeneration Pulses and Climate-Vegetation Interactions in Nonpyrogenic Boreal Scots Pine Stands. The Journal of Ecology, 1995. 83(3): p. 469-83.
Political Institutions:
1. Under what social and environmental conditions does decentralization result in better forest management practices and outcomes?
Armstrong, T., George Rogers, and Graham Rowley, The Circumpolar North: A Political and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. 1978, London: Methuen and Company.
Canadian Senate Sub-Committee on the Boreal Forest, Competing Realities: The Boreal Forest at Risk. 1999, 35th Parliament of Canada: Ottawa.
Caulfield, R., Alaska's Subsistence Management Regimes. Polar Record, 1992. 28(164): p. 23-32.
Climate Change and Forests: Context for the Canadian Forest Service's Science Program. 1999, Canadian Forest Service: Ottawa. p. 1-13.
Darnell, F., and Anton Hoem, Taken to Extremes: Education in the Far North. 1996, Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
Freeman, M.M.R., and L. N. Carbyn, ed. Traditional Knowledge and Renewable Resource Management in Northern Regions. 1988, Canadian Circumpolar Institute: Edmonton.
Heininen, L., ed. Arctic Environmental Problems. 1990, Tampere Peace Research Institute: Tampere.
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 2001, International Social Science Council and the International Council for Science. <http://www.ihdp.org/>
Moiseev, N.A. Economic and Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Russia: Problems and the Ways to Solve Them. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Nunavut Environmental Database. 2000, Arctic Institute of North America. <http://136.147.171/ned/>
Petrov, A.P. Development of Property Rights and Forms of Ownership in Russian Forestry. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swess Federal Institue of Technolgy, Zurich.
Robinson, D.B., Institutional Dimensions of Global Change: Arctic Applications. 1997, Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College: Hanover, NH. p. 1-30.
Roginko, A.Y., Arctic Development, Environment and Northern Natives in Russia, in Politics and Sustainable Growth in the Arctic, J. Kaekoenen, Editor. 1993, Dartmouth Publishing Company: Aldershot, England. p. 25-35.
Ruggles, A., Thoughts on Resolving the Forest Controversy in the Tanana Basin. <http://www.akboreaforest.org/resolving.html>
Schmithusen, F. Tenure and Joint Resources Management Systems on Public Forest Lands: Issues and Trends. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institue of Technolgy Zurich.
Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. 2001, Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. <http://www.taiga.net/sustain>
Taiga Rescue Network. 2001, Taiga Rescue Network. <http://www.taigarescue.org/>
Young, O.R., and Gail Osherenko, ed. Polar Politics. Cornell Studies in Political Economy, ed. P.J. Katzenstein. 1993, Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
2. Why do some forms of resource tenure promote sustainable forest management practices and outcomes, whereas other institutional arrangements lead to degradation?
Arctic Circle. 2001, University of Connecticut. <http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu>
Armstrong, T., George Rogers, and Graham Rowley, The Circumpolar North: A Political and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. 1978, London: Methuen and Company.
Brox, O., "Conservation" and "Destruction" of Traditional Culture, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Caulfield, R., Alaska's Subsistence Management Regimes. Polar Record, 1992. 28(164): p. 23-32.
Freeman, M.M.R., ed. Endangered Peoples of the Arctic. Endangered Peoples of the World, ed. B.R. Johnston. 2000, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
Kotov, V., and Elena Nikitina, Russia in Transition: Obstacles to Environmental Protection. Environment, 1993. 35(10): p. 11-20.
Lyck, L., and V. I. Boyko., ed. Management, Technology, and Human Resources Policy in the Arctic (The North). NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series. Vol. 5. 1996, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston.
Martin, P.H., Will Forest Preserves Protect Temperate and Boreal Biodiversity from Climate Change? Forest Ecology and Management, 1996. 85: p. 335-41.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Mosinee, N.A. Economic and Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Russia: Problems and the Ways to Solve Them. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Nelson, R.K., Make Prayers to the Raven: a Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. 1983, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Peterson, D.L., and D. R. Johnson, ed. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. 1995, Taylor and Francis: Washington, D.C.
Petrov, A.P. Development of Property Rights and Forms of Ownership in Russian Forestry. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swess Federal Institue of Technolgy, Zurich.
Ruggles, A., Thoughts on Resolving the Forest Controversy in the Tanana Basin. http://www.akboreaforest.org/resolving.html
Roginko, A.Y., Arctic Development, Environment and Northern Natives in Russia, in Politics and Sustainable Growth in the Arctic, J. Kaekoenen, Editor. 1993, Dartmouth Publishing Company: Aldershot, England. p. 25-35.
Schmithusen, F. Tenure and Joint Resources Management Systems on Public Forest Lands: Issues and Trends. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institue of Technolgy Zurich.
Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. 2001, Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. <http://www.taiga.net/sustain>
Svensson, T.G., Reindeer Lapps: Ecology and Political Development, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Young, O.R., Arctic Politics: Conflict and Cooperation in the Circumpolar North. 1992, Hanover, N. H.: University Press of New England.
Economic Institutions:
1. Under what conditions does integration in the global economy lead to more sustainable management of forests?
Arctic Circle. 2001, University of Connecticut. <http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu>
Armstrong, T., George Rogers, and Graham Rowley, The Circumpolar North: A Political and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. 1978, London: Methuen and Company.
Brox, O., "Conservation" and "Destruction" of Traditional Culture, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001, United Nations Environmental Programme. <http://www.ipcc.ch>
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 2001, International Social Science Council and the International Council for Science. <http://www.ihdp.org/>
Robinson, D.B., Institutional Dimensions of Global Change: Arctic Applications. 1997, Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College: Hanover, NH. p. 1-30.
Roginko, A.Y., Arctic Development, Environment and Northern Natives in Russia, in Politics and Sustainable Growth in the Arctic, J. Kaekoenen, Editor. 1993, Dartmouth Publishing Company: Aldershot, England. p. 25-35.
Ruggles, A., Thoughts on Resolving the Forest Controversy in the Tanana Basin. <http://www.akboreaforest.org/resolving.html>
Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. 2001, Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. <http://www.taiga.net/sustain>
Taiga Rescue Network. 2001, Taiga Rescue Network. <http://www.taigarescue.org/>
Young, O.R., Arctic Politics: Conflict and Cooperation in the Circumpolar North. 1992, Hanover, N. H.: University Press of New England.
Young, O.R., and Gail Osherenko, ed. Polar Politics. Cornell Studies in Political Economy, ed. P.J. Katzenstein. 1993, Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
2. Is the interplay between global and local markets on the one hand, and between state and civil society, on the other, reinforcing, antagonistic or irrelevant to sustainable forest management?
Alaska Boreal Forest Council. 2001, Alaska Boreal Forest Council. <http://www.akborealforest.org>
Bentzon, A.W., and Torben Agersnap, Urbanization, Industrialization and Changes in the Family in Greenland During the Reform Period Since 1950, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Forestry Research Institue of Sweden. 2001, SkogForsk. http://eng.skogforsk.se
Heininen, L., ed. Arctic Environmental Problems. 1990, Tampere Peace Research Institute: Tampere.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001, United Nations Environmental Programme. <http://www.ipcc.ch>
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 2001, International Social Science Council and the International Council for Science. http://www.ihdp.org/
Moiseev, N.A. Economic and Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Russia: Problems and the Ways to Solve Them. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Robinson, D.B., Institutional Dimensions of Global Change: Arctic Applications. 1997, Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College: Hanover, NH. p. 1-30.
Roginko, A.Y., Arctic Development, Environment and Northern Natives in Russia, in Politics and Sustainable Growth in the Arctic, J. Kaekoenen, Editor. 1993, Dartmouth Publishing Company: Aldershot, England. p. 25-35.
Schmithusen, F. Tenure and Joint Resources Management Systems on Public Forest Lands: Issues and Trends. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institue of Technolgy Zurich.
Solberg, B. Social-Economic Drivers of Change and their
Impact on Public Forest Land Management in Norway. in International
Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino,
Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. 2001, Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. <http://www.taiga.net/sustain>
International Environmental Regimes:
1. Under what circumstances do international environmental regimes reinforce, or conversely counter-act, the intentions and activities of local forest management practices?
Arctic Circle. 2001, University of Connecticut. <http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu>
Boreal Forest Network. 2001, Forest Capital Development Association. http://www.borealforest.org
Climate Change Endangers the Northern Forests, in World Watch. 1995. p. 8.
Darnell, F., and Anton Hoem, Taken to Extremes: Education in the Far North. 1996, Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 2001, International Social Science Council and the International Council for Science. <http://www.ihdp.org/>
Taiga Rescue Network. 2001, Taiga Rescue Network. <http://www.taigarescue.org/>
Soroos, M.S., The Odyssey of Arctic Haze: Toward a Global Atmospheric Regime. Environment, 1992. 34(10): p. 6-11; 25-27.
Region-Specific Information:
Canada:
Boreal Forest Network. 2001, Forest Capital Development Association. <http://www.borealforest.org>
BOREAS Follow-on Site. 2001, NASA. <http://boreas.gsfc.nasa.gov/html_pages/boreas_home.html#boreas>
Bubier, J.L., T. R. Moore, L. Bellisario, and N. T. Comer, Ecological Controls on Methane Emission from a Northern Peatland Complex in the Zone of Discontinuous Permafrost, Manitoba, Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1995. 9: p. 455-470.
Camill, P., and James S. Clark, Climate Change Disequilibrium of Boreal Permafrost Peatlands Caused by Local Processes. American Naturalist, 1998. 151(3): p. 207-222.
Canadian Senate Sub-Committee on the Boreal Forest, Competing Realities: The Boreal Forest at Risk. 1999, 35th Parliament of Canada: Ottawa.
Climate Change and Forests: Context for the Canadian Forest Service's Science Program. 1999, Canadian Forest Service: Ottawa. p. 1-13.
Freeman, M.M.R., ed. Endangered Peoples of the Arctic. Endangered Peoples of the World, ed. B.R. Johnston. 2000, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
Halsey, L.A., D. H. Vitt, and S. C. Zoltai., Disequilibrium Response of Permafrost in Boreal Continental Western Canada to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 1995. 30: p. 57-73.
Isherwood, T. R., and R. Buck. The Evolution of Forest Management Policies on Crown Land in the Province of Ontario, Canada. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Larsen, C.P.S., and G M MacDonald, An 840-Year Record of Fire and Vegetation in a Boreal White Spruce Forest. Ecology, 1998. 79(1): p. 106-118.
Lavoie, C., and Serge Payette, The Long-Term Stability of the Boreal Forest Limit in Subarctic Quebec. Ecology, 1996. 77(4): p. 1226-1234.
Luckert, M. K., and D. Haley. Problems Governments Face When Designing Forest Tenure Systems. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Nunavut Environmental Database. 2000, Arctic Institute of North America. <http://136.147.171/ned/>
Pearse, P. H. Forest Tenure with Public Ownership and Private Enterprise: A Canadian Perspective. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Peterson, D.L., and D. R. Johnson, ed. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. 1995, Taylor and Francis: Washington, D.C.
Price, D.T., Simulating Effects of Climate Change on Boreal Ecosystem Carbon Pools in Central Canada. Journal of Biogeography, 1999. 26(6): p. 1237-48.
Ruggles, A., Thoughts on Resolving the Forest Controversy in the Tanana Basin. <http://www.akboreaforest.org/resolving.html>
Species at Risk. 2001, Environment Canada. http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca/sar/main.htm
Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. 2001, Sustainability of Arctic Communities Under Global Change. <http://www.taiga.net/sustain>
Weber, M.G., Forest Fires and Sustainability in the Boreal Forests of Canada. Ambio, 1998. 27(7): p. 545-50.
Russia/ Commonwealth of Independent States:
Anisimov, O.A., and F. E. Nelson, Permafrost Zonation and Climatic Change in the Northern Hemisphere: Results form Transient General Circulation Models. Climatic Change, 1997. 35: p. 241-258.
Freeman, M.M.R., ed. Endangered Peoples of the Arctic. Endangered Peoples of the World, ed. B.R. Johnston. 2000, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
Gorchakovsky, P.L., and S. G. Shiyatov, The Upper Forest Limit in the Mountains of the Boreal Zone of the USSR. Arctic and Alpine Research, 1978. 10: p. 349-363.
Kotov, V., and Elena Nikitina, Russia in Transition: Obstacles to Environmental Protection. Environment, 1993. 35(10): p. 11-20.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Moiseev, N.A. Economic and Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Russia: Problems and the Ways to Solve Them. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Peterson, D.L., and D. R. Johnson, ed. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. 1995, Taylor and Francis: Washington, D.C.
Petrov, A.P. Development of Property Rights and Forms of Ownership in Russian Forestry. in IUFRO Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swess Federal Institue of Technolgy, Zurich.
Roginko, A.Y., Arctic Development, Environment and Northern Natives in Russia, in Politics and Sustainable Growth in the Arctic, J. Kaekoenen, Editor. 1993, Dartmouth Publishing Company: Aldershot, England. p. 25-35.
Scandinavia:
Bentzon, A.W., and Torben Agersnap, Urbanization, Industrialization and Changes in the Family in Greenland During the Reform Period Since 1950, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Forestry Research Institue of Sweden. 2001, SkogForsk. <http://eng.skogforsk.se>
Freeman, M.M.R., ed. Endangered Peoples of the Arctic. Endangered Peoples of the World, ed. B.R. Johnston. 2000, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Peterson, D.L., and D. R. Johnson, ed. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. 1995, Taylor and Francis: Washington, D.C.
Solberg, B. Social-Economic Drivers of Change and their Impact on Public Forest Land Management in Norway. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Svensson, T.G., Reindeer Lapps: Ecology and Political Development, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Thelander, G. Sweden’s New Forest Policy. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Tikkanen, I., and S. Vehkamaki. Forest Management of Public Lands in Finland. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Zackrisson, O., Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Ingeborg Steijlen, and Greger Hoernberg, Regeneration Pulses and Climate-Vegetation Interactions in Nonpyrogenic Boreal Scots Pine Stands. The Journal of Ecology, 1995. 83(3): p. 469-83.
United States:
Alaska Boreal Forest Council. 2001, Alaska Boreal Forest Council. http://www.akborealforest.org
Arctic Circle. 2001, University of Connecticut. http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu
Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research Site. 2001, National Science Foundation. <http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc>
Beuter, J. H. The Evolution of Forest Management and Timber Policies in the United States. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Caulfield, R., Alaska's Subsistence Management Regimes. Polar Record, 1992. 28(164): p. 23-32.
Freeman, M.M.R., ed. Endangered Peoples of the Arctic. Endangered Peoples of the World, ed. B.R. Johnston. 2000, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples. 1994, Minority Rights Publications: London.
Nelson, R.K., Make Prayers to the Raven: a Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. 1983, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Peterson, D.L., and D. R. Johnson, ed. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. 1995, Taylor and Francis: Washington, D.C.
Snow, J. B. Legal Aspects of Public Forest Management in the United States. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Wear, D. N., and F. J. Stewart. Determining Timber Harvest Levels and Selling Public Timber in the United States. in International Union of Forestry Research Organization Forestry Conference. 1994. Pushkino, Moscow Region, Russia: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
Alaska Boreal Forest Council. 2001, Alaska Boreal Forest Council. <http://www.akborealforest.org>
Anisimov, O.A., and F. E. Nelson, Permafrost Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere Under Scenarios of Climate Change. Global and Planetary Change, 1996. 14: p. 59-72.
Anisimov, O.A., and F. E. Nelson, Permafrost Zonation and Climatic Change in the Northern Hemisphere: Results form Transient General Circulation Models. Climatic Change, 1997. 35: p. 241-258.
Arctic Circle. 2001, University of Connecticut. <http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu>
Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research Site. 2001, National Science Foundation. <http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc>
Armstrong, T., George Rogers, and Graham Rowley, The Circumpolar North: A Political and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. 1978, London: Methuen and Company.
Balling, R.C., and S. B. Idso, One Hundred Years of Global Warming. Environmental Conservation, 1990. 17: p. 165.
Bentzon, A.W., and Torben Agersnap, Urbanization, Industrialization and Changes in the Family in Greenland During the Reform Period Since 1950, in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic, G. Berg, Editor. 1973, Pergamon Press: Oxford.
Betts, R.A., Offset of the Potential Carbon Sink from Boreal Forestation by Decreases in Surface Albedo. Nature, 2000. 408(6809): p. 187-90.
Billings, W.D., J. O. Luken, D. A. Mortensen, and K. M. Peterson, Arctic Tundra: A Source or Sink for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in a Changing Environment. Oecologia, 1982. 53: p. 7-11.
Billings, W.D., J. O. Luken, D. A. Mortensen, and K. M. Peterson, Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Possible Effects on Arctic Tundra. Oecologia, 1983. 58: p. 286-289.
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